Dust properties along anomalous extinction sightlines. II. Studying extinction curves with dust models
Context. Studies of the dust extinction in the Galaxy have found thatthe large majority of sight lines analyzed obey a simple relationdepending on one parameter, the total-to-selective extinctioncoefficient, RV. Different values of RV are ableto match the whole extinction curve in different environments, thuscharacterize normal extinction curves. However anomalous curves i.e,curves which deviate strongly from this simple behavior have beenobserved in the Galaxy as well as external galaxies. Aims: Morethan sixty curves with large ultraviolet deviations from their best-fitone-parameter curve are analyzed. The extinction curves are fitted withdust models to shed light on the properties of the grains along selectedlines of sight, the processes affecting them, and their relations withthe environmental characteristics. Methods: The extinction curvemodels are developed using the latest prescriptions for grain-sizedistributions capable of describing one-parameter curves forRV values from 3.1 to 5.5. These models, extended here downto RV = 2.0, allow us to compare the resulting properties ofour deviating curves with those of normal curves in a self-consistentframework, and thus to recover the relative trends overcoming themodeling uncertainties. Results: In addition to 20 anomalouscurves extracted from the same sample for study in a previous paper andrevised here to account for the latest updates, these curves representthe largest, homogeneous sample of anomalous curves studied so far withdust models. Our results show that the ultraviolet deviations are drivenby a larger amount of small grains than predicted for lines of sightwhere extinction depends on only one parameter. Moreover, thedust-to-gas ratios of anomalous curves are lower than the same valuesfor no deviating lines of sight. Conclusions: Both shocks andgrain-grain collisions should destroy dust grains, hence reduce theamount of the dust trapped in the grains, modify the size distributionof the dust, and increase the small-to-large grain size ratio.Therefore, the extinction properties derived should correspond to sightlines where shocks and high velocity flows perturb the physical state ofthe interstellar medium and leave their signature on the dustproperties.
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New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
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Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
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Distances and Metallicities of High- and Intermediate-Velocity Clouds
A table is presented that summarizes published absorption linemeasurements for the high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (HVCs andIVCs). New values are derived for N(H I) in the direction of observedprobes, in order to arrive at reliable abundances and abundance limits(the H I data are described in Paper II). Distances to stellar probesare revisited and calculated consistently, in order to derive distancebrackets or limits for many of the clouds, taking care to properlyinterpret nondetections. The main conclusions are the following. (1)Absolute abundances have been measured using lines of S II, N I, and OI, with the following resulting values: ~0.1 solar for one HVC (complexC), ~0.3 solar for the Magellanic Stream, ~0.5 solar for a southern IVC,and ~solar for two northern IVCs (the IV Arch and LLIV Arch). Finally,approximate values in the range 0.5-2 solar are found for three moreIVCs. (2) Depletion patterns in IVCs are like those in warm disk or halogas. (3) Most distance limits are based on strong UV lines of C II, SiII, and Mg II, a few on Ca II. Distance limits for major HVCs aregreater than 5 kpc, while distance brackets for several IVCs are in therange 0.5-2 kpc. (4) Mass limits for major IVCs are0.5-8×105 Msolar, but for major HVCs theyare more than 106 Msolar. (5) The Ca II/H I ratiovaries by up to a factor 2-5 within a single cloud, somewhat morebetween clouds. (6) The Na I/H I ratio varies by a factor of more than10 within a cloud, and even more between clouds. Thus, Ca II can beuseful for determining both lower and upper distance limits, but Na Ionly yields upper limits.
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Classification and properties of UV extinction curves
The catalog of Savage et al. (\cite{ref27}) reporting colour excesses of1415 stars from ANS photometry offers the opportunity to deeplyinvestigate the characteristics of UV extinction curves which differfrom the standard extinction of the diffuse interstellar medium. To thisaim we have selected a sample of 252 curves, which have been comparedwith the relations derived by Cardelli et al. (\cite{ref4}; CCM in thefollowing) for a variety of R_V values in the range 2.4-5 and have beenclassified as normal if they fit at least one of the CCM curves oranomalous otherwise. We find that normal curves with small R_V are justas numerous as those with large R_V. The anomalous objects are arrangedinto two groups according to the strength of the bump at 0.217 mu . Fora given value of c_2 this increases along the sequence: type Aanomalous, normals and type B anomalous, suggesting that this sequenceshould correspond to an increase of the amount of small grains along thesightline. Considerations concerning the environmental characteristicsindicate that the anomalous behaviour is not necessarily tied to theexistence of dense gas clouds along the line of sight.
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Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
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UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
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A Lower Limit to the Distance of High-Velocity Cloud Complex H
We derive a lower limit for the distance of the high-velocity cloud(HVC) complex H, which is a structure covering 480 square degrees on thesky and is centered on l = 131 deg, b = 1 deg. Considering theuncertainties in the derivation of stellar distances, we find that thedistance to the HVC is certainly larger than 3.4 kpc, probably largerthan 5 kpc, and possibly larger than 6.5 kpc. This distance limit isbased on the result that we do not find absorption associated with theHVC in IUE spectra of 17 OB stars. The three most distant of these starswere observed by us; we used the IUE archives to analyze the spectra ofthe other 14 stars. We do not have conclusive evidence that heavyelements are present in this HVC. This would require a detection ofabsorption in the spectrum of an extragalactic background source.However, the nondetections can still be considered secure, as the columndensity detection limits for the Mg II lambda lambda 2796, 2802, C IIlambda 1334, and O I lambda 1302 lines are a factor of 30-4100 below thecolumn density values expected for normal interstellar medium gas phaseabundances. Our lower limit to the distance is used to discuss possibleorigins of HVC complex H. It seems unlikely that it is associated with asuperbubble at large Galactocentric radii, an infalling dwarf galaxy, orthe outer arm. It might be an unusual Galactic fountain cloud or anintergalactic cloud.
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High-Velocity Clouds
High-velocity clouds (HVCs) consist of neutral hydrogen (\HI) atvelocities incompatible with a simple model of differential galacticrotation; in practice one uses {the absolue value of} VLSR {greater orequal to} 90 km/s to define HVCs. This review describes the mainfeatures of the sky and velocity distributions, as well as the availableinformation on cloud properties, small-scale structure, velocitystructure, and observations other than in 21-cm emission. We show thatHVCs contain heavy elements and that the more prominent ones are morethan 2 kpc from the Galactic plane. We evaluate the hypotheses proposedfor their origin and reject those that account for only one or a fewHVCs. At least three different hypotheses are needed: one for theMagellanic Stream and possibly related clouds, one for the Outer ArmExtension, and one (or more) for the other HVCs. We discuss the evidencefor the accretion and the fountain model but cannot rule out either one.
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A Search for Pulsar Companions to OB Runaway Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJ...461..357S&db_key=AST
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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Double Star Measurements Made at Nice
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&AS..102..643M&db_key=AST
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Extinction law survey based on UV ANS photometry
The paper presents an extensive survey of interstellar extinction curvesderived from the ANS photometric measurements of early type starsbelonging to our Galaxy. This survey is more extensive and deeper thanany other one, based on spectral data. The UV color excesses aredetermined with the aid of 'artificial standards', a new techniqueproposed by the authors which allows the special check of Sp/L match ofa target and the selected standard. The results indicate that extinctionlaw changes from place to place.
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The interstellar 217 NM band - A third catalogue of equivalent widths
A catalog of equivalent widths of the 217 nm interstellar absorptionband as well as other parameters characterizing the extinction curve inthe ultraviolet has been compiled for 790 O and B stars. A relativelytight correlation between the equivalent width of the 217 nm band andE(B-V) indicates that the absorber of this band is connected with thepopulation of larger interstellar grains responsible for the visualextinction. The parameter characterizing the amount of extinction in thefar UV is only weakly correlated with E(B-V), a result in accord withthe assumption that a second population of very small grains causes therapid increase of the far-UV extinction.
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A catalog of ultraviolet interstellar extinction excesses for 1415 stars
Ultraviolet interstellar extinction excesses are presented for 1415stars with spectral types B7 and earlier. The excesses with respect to Vare derived from Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS) 5-channel UVphotometry at central wavelengths of approximately 1550, 1800, 2500, and3300 A. A measure of the excess extinction in the 2200-A extinction bumpis also given. The data are valuable for investigating the systematicsof peculiar interstellar extinction and for studying the character of UVinterstellar extinction in the general direction of stars for which theextinction-curve shape is unknown.
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Mesures d'etoiles doubles faites a Nice.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1978A&AS...33..275M&db_key=AST
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Do OB runaways have collapsed companions ?
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974ApJ...190..653B&db_key=AST
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Interstellar dust and distances to planetary nebulae.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1973ApJ...181..135L&db_key=AST
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UBV and Hgamma observations of early-type field stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1972AJ.....77..376L&db_key=AST
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Messungen und Analyse der Polarisation des Sternlichtes in der Cassiopeia
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Etude pour chaque champ de l'absorption et de la repartition des vitesses radiales EN fonction de la distance.
Not Available
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La mesure des vitesses radiales au prisme objectif - X - 4e liste de vitesses radiales déterminées au prisme objectif à vision directe
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